the scientific and humanistic study of biological, cultural, linguistic and social variations of present and past cultures.

a general archaeological classificatory term used in a number of different ways but generally to describe the hunting and gathering culture that followed the Palaeo-Indian culture and preceded the appearance of pottery which introduced the Woodland period.

the stone (or more rarely bone or copper) weapon tip attached to the end of an arrow shaft; also referred to as a projectile point.

a wood or bone shaft implement that is held in one hand and used to propel a spear. The tool functions as a lever, giving greater thrust and distance.

a characteristic or property of an object, such as weight, size, or colour.

a sharply pointed object, usually of bone or copper, used to perforate leather in the manufacturing of clothing, tent covers, etc.

A sharpened tool with cutting edge, used to chop wood. In the pre-contact era axes were made from stone, but during the Historic period European-made iron axes were introducted to southern Ontario

a carved, ground and drilled stone  object, generally made from slate, usually in the outline form of a bird, thought to have been used in the Transitional Archaic and Early Woodland periods as a weight on a spearthrower; these enigmatic objects are most frequently discovered as deliberate offerings in human graves.

a carved and ground stone object, generally made from slate, usually in the outline form of a bird, thought to have been used in the Transitional Archaic and Early Woodland periods as a weight on a spearthrower; these enigmatic objects are most frequently discovered as deliberate offerings in human graves.

a roughed-out stone object for eventual manufacture into a tool or ornament; occasionally used as an equivalent term for a biface perform.