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The Abstract Syntax Notation One is a notation for the definition of abstract syntaxes to describe structured data (ASN.1).

Accessibility indicates the degree (ease or barrier) of access and usability of ICT systems, service offers, applications and information via ICT (information and communication technology). Barriers to accessibility refer to technical, audio, visual, semantic and language barriers, lack of skills, exclusion of certain constituencies, etc. The overa [..]

Accountability is a concept originating from the field of ethics and bearing several implications and various nuances. In the specific field of governance and public management studies, accountability means that those who work in the public sector must be able to demonstrate that their actions are in keeping with legal, moral, organisational or mor [..]

The Advanced Encryption Standard is a standard for the symmetrical encryption of data (AES).

The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) is an ISO standard for text files, in which 128 characters can be represented with a 7-bit code. These are numerics, the letters of the alphabet in upper and lower cases as well as special characters and control characters. The German version also covers umlauts (“ü”, “ö”, “”ä”). The ex [..]

An application program is a piece of software which helps users to carry out given tasks by providing helpful functions, for example programs for word processing, spreadsheet analysis and graphics editing, web browsers and specific applications of individual public administrations. Application programs differ from operating programs as the latter o [..]

Authentication is the process of determining whether someone or something is, in fact, who or what it is declared to be. In the virtual world, it refers to verifying the digital identity of a person in a communication or transaction with the purpose to confirm that the identity provided belongs to the person he or she claims to be. Thereby, a certa [..]

Avatar is an Internet user’s representation of himself or herself, whether in the form of a three-dimensional model (used in computer games), a two-dimensional icon or picture (used on Internet forums and other communities), or a text construct found on early systems. The term avatar can also refer to the personality connected with the screen name [..]

The term Back-Office covers the processes and workflows of organisations which, unlike the front-office, are run in the internal part of an organisation and which are mostly invisible to the [external] customer or citizen. Examples include the processing of applications or the acts of issuing of notifications. Also, general management and accountin [..]