A common soil bacterium that causes crown gall disease by transferring some of its DNA to the plant host. Scientists alter Agrobacterium so that it no longer causes the disease but is still able to tr [..]

The fundamental building blocks of a protein molecule. A protein is composed of a chain of hundreds or thousands of amino acids. Our bodies can synthesize most of the amino acids. However, eight amino [..]

A protein produced in response to the presence of a specific antigen.

A foreign substance that elicits the production of antibodies.

The use of an RNA molecule to block gene expression by interfering with protein production. This technique is used commercially in tomatoes to slow ripening for better shipping and longer shelf life.

A method for determining the presence or quantity of a component.

A type of cell that produces antibodies.

A naturally occurring bacterium with pesticidal properties. Bacillus thuringiensis produces a protein (Bt toxin) that is toxic only to certain insect larvae that consume it.

A virus that infects bacteria. Also called a phage.

A method of determining the effect of a compound by quantifying its effect on living organisms or their component parts.