controls the access of nonmember functions to the member functions and variables of a class

, which allows general access to member functions and variables and private

is a measure of how long it takes to retrieve data from a storage device, such as a hard disk or RAM

; see memory address

is a set of precisely defined steps guaranteed to arrive at an answer to a problem or set of problems. As this implies, a set of steps that might never end is not

is a value that is supplied by one function (the calling function

is a set of argument

is a group of element

s. The array name corresponds to the address of the first of these elements; the other elements follow the first one immediately in memory. As with a vector