issues associated with measuring, calculating and valuing the relative benefits of greenhouse gas mitigation measures

carbon containing compounds occurring in ambient air as gases or vapour with boiling points between 50°C and 260°C. The volatile organic compounds that participate in smog formation reactions are called reactive organic compounds. Examples of volatile organic compounds include benzene, xylene and toluene.

electromagnetic radiation of higher frequencies and shorter wavelengths than visible light; UV radiation is divided into three ranges: UV-A (320–400 nm), UV-B (280–320 nm) and UV-C (40–290 nm).

the lower layer of the atmosphere extending to about 15 kilometres above the Earth's surface where the temperature typically decreases with height; nearly all clouds form and weather processes are found in this region.

region of the atmosphere about 15 to 50 kilometres above the Earth's surface where the temperature typically changes little or increases with height; the ozone layer occurs in the stratosphere.

the term comes from a combination of smoke and fog. However, in Australia most smog arises from chemical reactions between oxides of nitrogen and gaseous volatile organic compounds that take place in the presence of sunlight. see photochemical smog.

a process whereby sunlight causes the chemical bonds in a molecule to break.

a region in the stratosphere where there is ozone.

relative frequency of death, or death rate.

the process whereby the natural equilibrium between chemical reactions forming and destroying stratospheric ozone is disturbed by the release of manufactured chemicals.