The annual budget prepared for and effective during the present fiscal year; or, in the case of some state governments, the budget for the present biennium.

The share of the potential taxpayers in a universe that are covered by a tax instrument:  For instance, x % of households in the municipality are subject to the Personal Income Tax.

A charge made to persons for using a governmental service such as water.

Defined as the value on the valuation rolls divided by the real market value of properties on the valuation roll:  This measures the accuracy of the property valuation level.

A tax imposed on business firms on the basis of the value added by the firm:  Value-added taxes avoid the cascading effect of turnover taxes.

A tax imposed on business firms on the basis of the value added by the firm:  Value-added taxes avoid the cascading effect of turnover taxes.

An intergovernmental transfer provided without any specific conditions attached:  Contrast with conditional grant.

A type of tax for which the liability of the tax stems from a specific transaction, such as the sale of property assets, or the import or export of a good or service: 

See Intergovernmental fiscal transfers.

A tax imposed on business firms on the basis of the firm’s turnover (sales revenue):  Turnover taxes are often considered to be inefficient –particularly in developed economies- because they can have a cascading or “snowballing” effect as each stage of production is fully taxed: