The act by which property developers buy up land but do not build on it immediately, instead waiting for the price of the land to rise and ensuring a higher profit upon sale.

The birth rate minus the death rate of a population.

The squares of a map denoted by a grid formed by a series of numbered horizontal (Northing) and vertical (Easting) lines

An area at the heart of economic activity, where innovation, technology and employment are at a high level.

A settlement that has historically formed around a single central point such as a market square or a river crossing point.

Net loss of ice from a glacier as a result of ablation exceeding accumulation.

 Tapering ridges which alternately project into a river valley, around which the river winds its course.

 Farming that produces livestock for meat, milk, wool, hide and other animal products.

The widening difference in levels of development between the world's richest and poorest people.

A steep, concave curve created on the outside of a meander bend by the erosive effect of fast flowing water.