The act by which property developers buy up land but do not build on it immediately, instead waiting for the price of the land to rise and ensuring a higher profit upon sale.

The squares of a map denoted by a grid formed by a series of numbered horizontal (Northing) and vertical (Easting) lines

The birth rate minus the death rate of a population.

An area at the heart of economic activity, where innovation, technology and employment are at a high level.

Net loss of ice from a glacier as a result of ablation exceeding accumulation.

 Farming that produces livestock for meat, milk, wool, hide and other animal products.

A settlement that has historically formed around a single central point such as a market square or a river crossing point.

An action or event that was caused indirectly by another, primary effect

A sudden, mass movement of snow down a mountain side.