(Ventilated Improved Pit latrine.) A VIP is a pit latrine with a slab and a ventilation pipe to remove foul smells from the pit and vent them to the air above the superstructure roof line. A fly screen is added to the top of the ventilation pipe to control flies. 

 A wide range of interventions designed to create and maintain an environment conducive to human health. This includes sanitation (defined as the infrastructure and services required for the safe management of human excreta) but also includes solid waste management, drainage of surface water and sullage, vector control, air pollution control, etc.

A

Activated sludge itself is an aqueous suspension of microorganisms cultivated in a waste treatment process to break down organic matter into carbon dioxide, water, and other inorganic compounds. The activated sludge process has three basic components: 1) a reactor in which the microorganisms are kept in suspension and aerated; 2) liquid-solid separ [..]

Treatment step added after secondary treatment stage to remove specific pollutants, such as nutrients, suspended solids, organics, heavy metals or dissolved solids (such as salts).

Living or taking place in the presence of air or free oxygen.

Living or taking place without air or free oxygen.

Raising plants or animals in water (water farming)

Wastewater from the toilet, which contains heavy fecal contamination and most of the nitrogen in sewage.

BOD is the measure of the amount of oxygen required by bacteria to stabilize material that decomposes under aerobic conditions. BOD is a commonly used determinant of the organic strength of a waste, as it serves as an indicator of the waste’s capacity to remove oxygen from water.  Oxygen concentrations in water determine the quality of fish and [..]