Blinding/Masking

A patient with the disease or outcome of interest.

A report about a small group of similar cases.

Being able to show that an independent variable directly causes the dependent variable. This is generally very difficult to demonstrate in most study designs.

A highly-regarded database of systematic reviews prepared by The Cochrane Collaboration

A group that shares the same characteristics among its members.

When an exposure and an outcome are both strongly associated with a third variable.

Variables that cause/prevent an outcome from occurring outside of or along with the variable being studied. These variables render it difficult or impossible to distinguish the relationship between th [..]

A patient who does not have the disease or outcome.

A relationship between two variables, but not necessarily a causation relationship.