A hand or mechanized manipulation of a site designed to enhance the success of regeneration. Treatments may include bedding, burning, chemical spraying, chopping, disking, drainage, raking, and scarifying. All treatments are designed to modify the soil, litter, and vegetation and to create microclimate conditions conducive to the establishment and [..]

The thinning of trees in either even- or uneven-aged stands involving removal of trees in rows, strips, or by using fixed spacing intervals.

Seedlings or saplings that develop or are present in the understory.

A distinct aggregation of trees originating from a single natural event or regeneration activity, or a grouping of trees, e.g., 10-year age class, as used in inventory or management

The area of the cross section of a tree stem, including the bark, generally at breast height (4.5 feet above the ground).

The application of fire, usually under existing stands and under specified conditions of weather and fuel moisture, in order to attain silvicultural or other management objectives.

(see Crown Cover)

(see Regeneration Methods)

(see Age Class)

(see Regeneration Methods)